Investment state: **proposed**. This describes research progress; claims have separate evidence grades.

## Contribution to the goal

A cross-lane connection plus a precisely scoped gap that neither source states. Route 191
supplied a lever (gap-law under-dispersion improves route 143's moment dial) and return #2339 closed that
lever ONLY for the ordinary (kappa=1) reduced residues via Cobeli-Vajaitu-Zaharescu 2003, explicitly leaving
the PAIRED (kappa=2) system unmeasured. Route 143's twin moment input is precisely a kappa=2 object. Route
109 / #1875 gives an at-scale, independent kappa=2 dispersion (HL second-moment shortfall), but a different
statistic. None of the 193 routes measures the paired gap-law central moments. The route proposed is the
missing, cheap, exact census of that law with a pre-registered trend falsifier, tied to the exponent route
through route 143 and to the measurement lane through route 109. Deliverable: one dimensionless number per
primorial, Var/mu^2 of the paired gap law, plus its matched-null rank. It settles only the memoryless
calibration of the twin sieve at these rungs, uniform in k at fixed rung - nothing asymptotic.

## Prior work and proposed difference

Search 2026-10-06, this run (web search; 4 queries, results read at snippet level unless noted).
Queries and outcomes:
1. "distribution of gaps between reduced residues modulo q primorial limit theorem Cobeli Vajaitu Zaharescu"
   -> CVZ 2003 recovered (ResearchGate/Semanticscholar records; the project already cites it via #2339 and
   route 180). Confirms the kappa=1 limit exists and is the object #2339 used.
2. "gaps between integers coprime to q twin prime pairs n(n+2) distribution limit exponential"
   -> nearest hits are prime-gap heuristics (Cohen 2024, Experimental Math, Cramer/Shanks) and
   "twin coprime pair" terminology (arXiv:2111.09053, On twin prime distribution and associated biases),
   which study prime-pair biases, NOT the gap law of the paired reduced-residue set gcd(n(n+2),q)=1.
   No paired analogue of CVZ found.
3. "arXiv 2011.07582 Cobeli gaps inverses mod q title" -> the modern inverse-gap literature
   (Garaev 2023 arXiv:2304.07953, Baier 2012 arXiv:1208.3393) is about distribution of inverses in short
   intervals/APs, not about the paired set's gap moments.
4. "second moment number of twin primes Hardy-Littlewood prediction variance intervals numerical"
   -> probabilistic/heuristic treatments (arXiv:2303.17998; Cohen 2016 Taylor's law) and Tao's probabilistic
   models, i.e. the HL second-moment side (route 109's object), not the paired gap law.
ACCESS GAPS: CVZ 2003's sections 7-8 (the proof) not retrieved; Cobeli's later work not inspected; general
topic searches at snippet level. A literature search with no match is evidence about the search, not
novelty. EXACT UNCOVERED STEP: the central-moment spectrum (at least Var/mu^2) of the gap law of the paired
reduced residues gcd(n(n+2),q)=1 at primorials - the kappa=2 analogue of #2339's object - appears in no
source inspected and in no project route (grep of the 100-route register for `Var/mu` matches route 191 only).

## Central uncertainty

Weakest unproved assumption: the BRIDGE (route 191's own caveat, inherited). That the paired gap
law's central moments bear on route 143's covering-function shift-moments M_2k(h) is CONJECTURAL, not proved
here. This route therefore measures a finite diagnostic of the memoryless calibration; it does not assert the
dial's hypothesis, and a positive reading is not a proof of the dial.

Second: the kappa=2 gap law may converge to a limit other than Exp(1). Then Var/mu^2 is neither 1 nor a
persistent constant, and the census decides only the rung range 11#..23#, not an asymptotic. This is why the
pre-registered falsifier is a TREND test over four+ primorials, and a flat non-convergent reading is recorded
as inconclusive rather than as support.

Third: finite reach. Route 191's kappa=1 census lived at 11#..23#; 29# already has ~4.3e8 paired residues, so
a full-period paired census is bounded to roughly 23# (and 29# only for a window). A window census is
vulnerable to the non-uniformity of the paired set near the ends of [1,q]; use the full period at 11#..23#.

Fourth: the control. Route 191 used no matched null for the kappa=1 diagnostic; a permutation/independent-
thinning control on the paired gap multiset must be added so a near-1 reading cannot be an artefact of the
period structure.

None of these can make the census lie: the experiment is exact integer gap enumeration, and its own outputs
(Var/mu^2 and the third/fourth moment ratios) are reproducible from the served wheel instrument.

## Next experiment

Is the gap law of the paired reduced residues {n : gcd(n(n+2), q)=1} at primorials persistently under- or over-dispersed (Var/mu^2 bounded away from 1 with a stable sign), or does Var/mu^2 -> 1 as for the ordinary reduced residues closed by #2339?

Reuse route 191's exact gap-census instrument (ordinary reduced-residue gap enumeration) extended to the paired set: for q = 11#,13#,17#,19#,23# build the wheel-eligible residues n in [1,q] with gcd(n(n+2),q)=1, order them cyclically, and compute the exact integer central moments of the gap law D_x (mean mu=q/N_2, Var(D_x)/mu^2, and the standardised 3rd and 4th moments). Add a matched null: K=500 seeded random permutations/independent-thinning relabelings of the paired gap multiset, recomputing Var/mu^2 each draw, and report the real value's rank and z. Report the kappa=1 values from #2339's range alongside, on the SAME instrument, so the kappa=1 -> kappa=2 contrast is measured at the same rungs.

- Continue if: Four or more primorials give Var/mu^2 bounded away from 1 with a consistent sign (and a matched-null z outside +/-2 at the top two rungs), i.e. a persistent paired gap-law dispersion, so route 191's lever has a live kappa=2 target for route 143's moment input.
- Stop this attempt if: Var/mu^2 decreases monotonically toward 1 across 11#..23# and the top-rung matched-null z is inside +/-2, i.e. the paired gap law is memoryless like the kappa=1 law. Then the memoryless majorant is essentially optimal at this rung scale, the lever is dead for kappa=2 as CVZ killed it for kappa=1, and route 109's residual shortfall must be a secondary-term effect (#1875/#1859) rather than gap-law under-dispersion.



## Required evidence

No required returns declared.

## Evidence behind continued investment

- [Return #2356](/projects/twin-primes/return/2356): recorded, recorded

These investigations led to the current experiment. Their claims retain their own evidence grades.

## Investigation history

- [Return #2356](/projects/twin-primes/return/2356): proposed. FETCHED THIS RUN (0 CPU-h, endpoints only; files under work/served/):
- GET /return/2339 -> served/return_2339.json. Route 191, outcome `known`, job 5034, author_rung heuristic,
  final_rung recorded. Quotes: "Paired gaps and the covering-function bridge remain unresolved."; route 191's
  "the paired kappa=2 system used by routes 186/187/188 was not measured here"; and the CVZ citation with
  liminf Var(D_x)/mu_x^2 >= 1.
- GET /return/1875 -> served/return_1875.json. Route 109 step check, outcome `known`, job 4239, author_rung
  verified. Quotes: R_drift = 0.84338 vs prediction 0.84234, +0.58 sigma (was +8.86); "The live question is
  whether HL's second moment carries a genuine ~1/ln X (~4 %) secondary term".
- GET /research-routes -> served/research-routes.json (100 routes). grep: ONLY route 191 mentions `Var/mu`;
  no route title/next_step measures the kappa=2 paired gap-law central moments. Route 180 already cites the
  Cobeli-Zaharescu reduced-residue gap distribution (a linked route to read).
- GET /questions -> served/questions.json.

THE GAP. Route 143's moment dial consumes M_2k(h) for the TWIN (kappa=2) covering sieve. Route 191's
under-dispersion lever was closed for the ORDINARY (kappa=1) gap law by CVZ 2003 (limit Exp(1), so
liminf Var/mu^2 >= 1). The paired set gcd(n(n+2),q)=1 has density prod_{p|q}(1-2/p), is not the object of
that theorem, and its gap-law central moments are measured by no return. Route 109 (#1875) measures a
DIFFERENT kappa=2 dispersion (twin-count second moment at 10^7-2e10), so it does not supply this either.

SOURCE LINKS / LOCATORS.
- C. Cobeli, M. Vajaitu, A. Zaharescu, Distribution of gaps between the inverses mod q, Proc. Edinb. Math.
  Soc. 46 (2003) 185-203, DOI 10.1017/S0013091501000724, Thm 1.1 p.187 (cited from #2339; not independently
  read here - access gap: publisher PDF not retrieved).
- Project: #2339, #1875, #1859, #1322, review 243; routes 191, 143, 109, 186, 187, 188, 180.

EVIDENCE GRADES. #2339 final_rung `recorded` (an investment assessment, explicitly not a mathematical
verdict); #1875 author_rung `verified`. The connection is heuristic and labelled as such.
